:root {
    --paper: #FAF7F1;      /* warm white */
    --ink: #141412;        /* near black */
    --charcoal: #4a4844;
    --line: #dcd7cd;
    --accent: #9a7b2d;     /* single muted accent, used sparingly */
    --serif: "Iowan Old Style", "Palatino Linotype", Palatino, Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
    --sans: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
  }

  * { margin: 0; padding: 0; box-sizing: border-box; }

  html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }
  @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
  }

  body {
    background: var(--paper);
    color: var(--ink);
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 1rem + 0.3vw, 1.2rem);
    line-height: 1.65;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  }

  a { color: inherit; }

  ::selection { background: var(--ink); color: var(--paper); }

  .wrap {
    max-width: 1100px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 clamp(1.25rem, 5vw, 3rem);
  }

  /* ---------- Nav ---------- */
  header {
    padding-block: 2rem;
  }
  nav {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: baseline;
    gap: 1rem;
  }
  .wordmark {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.14em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    text-decoration: none;
    white-space: nowrap;
  }
  nav ul {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 2.5rem);
    list-style: none;
  }
  /* Five links do not fit one narrow line: stack the wordmark and let them wrap. */
  @media (max-width: 700px) {
    nav {
      flex-direction: column;
      align-items: flex-start;
      gap: 1rem;
    }
    nav ul { gap: 0.7rem 1.35rem; }
    nav ul a { font-size: 0.8rem; }
  }
  nav ul a {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    text-decoration: none;
    color: var(--charcoal);
    padding-bottom: 2px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
    transition: border-color 0.25s ease, color 0.25s ease;
  }
  nav ul a:hover,
  nav ul a:focus-visible {
    color: var(--ink);
    border-bottom-color: var(--ink);
  }

  /* ---------- Hero ---------- */
  .hero {
    padding-block: clamp(2.5rem, 7vh, 6rem) clamp(4rem, 10vh, 8rem);
  }
  .hero-grid {
    display: grid;
    gap: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 4.5rem);
    align-items: end;
  }
  @media (min-width: 760px) {
    .hero-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 0.85fr; }
  }

  .portrait {
    margin: 0;
  }
  .portrait img {
    width: 100%;
    /* Required: the width/height attributes reserve space against layout shift,
       but without this the height attribute would fix the rendered height. */
    height: auto;
    display: block;
    filter: grayscale(1);
  }

  .hero-copy h1 {
    font-size: clamp(2.6rem, 5.5vw, 4.5rem);
    line-height: 1.05;
    font-weight: 400;
    letter-spacing: -0.015em;
    margin-bottom: 1.75rem;
  }
  .hero-copy .lede {
    font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 2vw, 1.55rem);
    line-height: 1.45;
    color: var(--charcoal);
    max-width: 22ch;
    margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
  }
  .quiet-link {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink);
    padding-bottom: 3px;
    transition: color 0.25s ease, border-color 0.25s ease;
  }
  .quiet-link:hover,
  .quiet-link:focus-visible {
    color: var(--accent);
    border-bottom-color: var(--accent);
  }

  /* ---------- Editorial sections ---------- */
  section {
    padding-block: clamp(3.5rem, 9vh, 7rem);
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  }
  .section-grid {
    display: grid;
    gap: 2rem;
  }
  @media (min-width: 760px) {
    .section-grid { grid-template-columns: 240px 1fr; gap: 4rem; }
  }
  .kicker {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.18em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--charcoal);
    padding-top: 0.5rem;
  }
  .prose {
    max-width: 58ch;
  }
  .prose h2 {
    font-size: clamp(1.7rem, 3vw, 2.4rem);
    line-height: 1.2;
    font-weight: 400;
    margin-bottom: 1.75rem;
  }
  .prose p + p { margin-top: 1.4em; }
  .prose em { font-style: italic; }
  .prose h2 .row { display: block; }

  /* ---------- Pillars: a menu, not a sequence ---------- */
  .pillars {
    list-style: none;
    margin-top: 3rem;
  }
  .pillars li {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 2.25rem 1fr;
    gap: 0.35rem 1.25rem;
    padding: 1.8rem 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  }
  .pillars li:last-child { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
  .pillars .num {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    color: var(--accent);
    padding-top: 0.5rem;
  }
  .pillars h3 {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  }
  .pillars .does {
    grid-column: 2;
    color: var(--charcoal);
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.55;
  }
  @media (max-width: 520px) {
    .pillars li { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 0.35rem 0; }
    .pillars .does { grid-column: 1; }
    .pillars .num { padding-top: 0; }
  }

  /* ---------- Recommendations ---------- */
  .quotes {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
    padding-block: clamp(3.5rem, 9vh, 7rem);
  }
  .quote-stack {
    display: grid;
    align-items: center;
    max-width: 46ch;
    margin: 0 auto;
  }
  .quote-stack figure {
    grid-area: 1 / 1;
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
    transition: opacity 0.35s ease, visibility 0.35s;
  }
  /* Incoming quote waits for the outgoing one to clear, so they never overlap. */
  .quote-stack figure[data-active] {
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
    transition-delay: 0.35s;
  }
  .quote-stack blockquote {
    text-align: center;
    font-size: clamp(1.2rem, 2.1vw, 1.6rem);
    line-height: 1.45;
    font-style: italic;
  }
  .quote-stack figcaption {
    margin-top: 1.75rem;
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    line-height: 1.7;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--charcoal);
    text-align: center;
  }
  .quote-stack figcaption .who { color: var(--ink); }

  .quote-nav {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 1.75rem;
    margin-top: 3rem;
  }
  .quote-nav button {
    background: none;
    border: 0;
    padding: 0.4rem;
    cursor: pointer;
    color: var(--charcoal);
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    line-height: 1;
    transition: color 0.25s ease;
  }
  .quote-nav button:hover,
  .quote-nav button:focus-visible { color: var(--ink); }
  .quote-dots { display: flex; gap: 0.65rem; }
  .quote-dots button {
    width: 7px;
    height: 7px;
    padding: 0;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: var(--line);
    transition: background 0.3s ease;
  }
  .quote-dots button[aria-current="true"] { background: var(--accent); }

  @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    .quote-stack figure { transition: none; }
  }

  /* ---------- Contact ---------- */
  .contact .prose p.big {
    font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 2.4vw, 1.9rem);
    line-height: 1.4;
  }
  .contact-links {
    margin-top: 2.5rem;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1rem;
    align-items: flex-start;
  }

  /* ---------- Contact form ---------- */
  .contact-form {
    margin-top: 3rem;
    display: grid;
    gap: 1.75rem;
    max-width: 34rem;
  }
  .field { display: grid; gap: 0.5rem; }
  .field label {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.14em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--charcoal);
  }
  .field input,
  .field textarea {
    font-family: var(--serif);
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    color: var(--ink);
    background: none;
    border: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    padding: 0.5rem 0;
    border-radius: 0;
    transition: border-color 0.25s ease;
  }
  .field textarea { resize: vertical; min-height: 5.5rem; line-height: 1.5; }
  .field input:focus,
  .field textarea:focus {
    outline: none;
    border-bottom-color: var(--ink);
  }
  .field input:focus-visible,
  .field textarea:focus-visible { outline: none; }

  .contact-form button {
    justify-self: start;
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    color: var(--ink);
    background: none;
    border: 1px solid var(--ink);
    padding: 0.8rem 1.9rem;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background 0.25s ease, color 0.25s ease;
  }
  .contact-form button:hover,
  .contact-form button:focus-visible {
    background: var(--ink);
    color: var(--paper);
  }
  .form-note {
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: var(--charcoal);
  }
  .form-note a { color: var(--ink); }

  /* ---------- Footer ---------- */
  footer {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
    padding: 2.5rem 0 3rem;
  }
  footer .wrap {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 1rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    font-family: var(--sans);
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    color: var(--charcoal);
  }

  /* ---------- Motion: gentle fade only ---------- */
  .fade {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(12px);
    transition: opacity 0.9s ease, transform 0.9s ease;
  }
  .fade.in {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: none;
  }
  @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    .fade { opacity: 1; transform: none; transition: none; }
  }

/* Honeypot: hidden from people, visible to naive bots. */
.hp {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip-path: inset(50%);
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.field label .opt {
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: none;
  opacity: 0.65;
}